![]() ![]() That of Damascus was not located on a hill and it required the construction of a series of imposing towers, which were restored/modified by the Mamelukes, who replaced the Ayyubids in the control of Damascus in the XIIIth century.Ĭitadel: (left) inscription above the eastern entrance (right-above) a Mameluke inscription (right-below) a lion at the side of an Ayyubid inscription Saladin and his descendants (the Ayyubids) realized that the walls of Damascus did not provide an adequate defence and they built a citadel at their north-western corner, most likely on the site of a Roman fortified camp unlike the Citadel of Aleppo Damascus profited by the situation to gain autonomy from Baghdad, but, after a failed attack by the Crusaders, its inhabitants were forced to ask Nur ad-Din, the atabeg (governor) of Aleppo for protection in 1154 Damascus became part of Nur ad-Din's possessions his son Saladin conquered Jerusalem in 1187 he died in Damascus and he is regarded as the national hero of Syria. The Fatimids, a dynasty of Algerian origin the Seljuks, Turkish tribes from CentralĪsia gained control of Persia and threatened Baghdad the Crusaders conquered the coastal strip of the eastern Mediterranean The Abassid Caliphate was unable to maintain the unity of the Muslim world all the countries along the coast of northern Africa were conquered by ![]() The Umayyad Caliphate started to decline a few years after the completion of the Great Mosque of Damascus and in 750 a new caliphate was established by the Abassids, the descendants of an uncle of Prophet Muhammad they first established their residence in Harran, but in 762 they moved to Baghdad.Īs a consequence Damascus lost its role as capital of the Muslim world. All images © by Roberto Piperno, owner of the domain. ![]()
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